entomology

Entomology is the scientific study of insects, a highly diverse group of arthropods that includes beetles, bees, butterflies, ants, flies, and many others. Entomologists study their anatomy, physiology, development, behavior, evolution, and ecology, as well as their interactions with humans and with other organisms. Insects play critical roles in ecosystems as pollinators, decomposers, and food sources, while also acting as pests and vectors of disease.

The field spans multiple subdisciplines: systematic entomology (classification and taxonomy), morphology and anatomy, physiology, ecology and behavior, evolutionary biology, and applied areas such as agricultural, medical, and veterinary entomology. Forensic entomology uses insects to estimate time of death, while pale entomology studies fossil insects. Methods include field surveys, rearing insects from eggs or larvae, microscopy, imaging, and molecular techniques such as DNA barcoding and genome sequencing, as well as geographic information systems for distribution studies.

History: entomology has roots in ancient natural history, with formal taxonomy advanced by Linnaeus and later by Fabricius and others. Today, professional societies such as national entomological societies support research, education, and outreach. Entomology informs pest management, conservation, medicine, and industry, reflecting insects' significant ecological and economic impacts.