enkratist

Enkratist is a term derived from the Greek word enkrateia, meaning "self-control" or "mastery." It refers to individuals who practice or advocate for strict self-discipline, particularly in abstaining from certain pleasures or desires. Historically, the concept of enkratism has been associated with various philosophical and religious movements.

In ancient Greek philosophy, particularly within Stoicism, enkrateia was a virtue central to living a good life. It emphasized the importance of reason in governing one's passions and desires, leading to a state of inner freedom and resilience. Philosophers like Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius discussed the role of self-control in achieving eudaimonia, or human flourishing.

Enkratism also played a significant role in early Christian asceticism. Some Christian groups, such as the Encratites of the 2nd century CE, interpreted this principle to an extreme, advocating for abstinence not only from sexual relations but also from meat, wine, and other worldly comforts. They believed that such asceticism was necessary to achieve spiritual purity and avoid the corrupting influences of the material world. While not a widespread doctrine, it represented a particular strand of ascetic thought within early Christianity. The term can also be applied more broadly to any individual or group that champions a life of rigorous self-denial and moderation.