endêmicos

Endémicos refers to species of flora or fauna that are native to a specific geographical location and found nowhere else in the world. This concept is crucial in biogeography and conservation biology, as endemic species often have unique evolutionary histories shaped by their isolated environments. The degree of endemism can vary widely, from a single island or mountain range to a larger continent or region.

Islands, due to their isolation, are particularly rich in endemic species. For example, Madagascar is renowned for its high rate of endemism, with many species of lemurs, chameleons, and plants found only on the island. Similarly, the Galapagos Islands have a significant number of endemic species, including the famous giant tortoises and marine iguanas, which have adapted to the archipelago's distinct ecosystems.

Factors contributing to endemism include geographic isolation, such as oceans, mountain ranges, or deserts, which prevent species migration. Over long periods, isolated populations can diverge genetically, leading to the evolution of new species. However, endemic species are often particularly vulnerable to extinction. Their limited range makes them susceptible to habitat destruction, introduced species, climate change, and disease. Conservation efforts frequently focus on protecting areas with high endemism to safeguard these unique organisms from disappearing. Understanding endemism helps scientists map biodiversity hotspots and prioritize conservation resources.