endothelization

Endothelization refers to the process by which the inner lining of blood vessels, known as the endothelium, is formed or restored. This process is crucial for maintaining vascular health and integrity. It involves the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of endothelial cells.

During development, endothelization establishes the intricate network of blood vessels throughout the body. In adults, it plays a vital role in wound healing and tissue repair, where new blood vessels are formed to supply oxygen and nutrients to damaged areas. This process is also known as angiogenesis.

Endothelization is also a key consideration in the success of medical implants, particularly those involving blood-contacting surfaces such as vascular grafts and stents. When a synthetic material is implanted, the body's response aims to cover the surface with endothelial cells. Successful endothelization of these devices is associated with reduced risks of thrombosis (blood clotting) and inflammation, promoting long-term patency and integration with the host tissue. Factors like surface properties of the implant, presence of growth factors, and the inflammatory response can influence the rate and quality of endothelization. Impaired endothelization can lead to complications and device failure.