endometriumrák

Endometrium cancer, also known as uterine cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. It is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries. The vast majority of endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas, which arise from the glandular cells of the endometrium.

The primary risk factor for developing endometrial cancer is prolonged exposure to estrogen without adequate progesterone. This can occur due to various factors, including early onset of menstruation, late onset of menopause, never having been pregnant, obesity, and the use of hormone replacement therapy containing estrogen without progesterone. Other risk factors include a history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and certain genetic syndromes like Lynch syndrome.

Symptoms of endometrial cancer often include abnormal vaginal bleeding, particularly postmenopausal bleeding, bleeding between periods, or a heavier than usual menstrual flow. Other possible symptoms can include pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, and a watery or bloody vaginal discharge.

Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic examination, imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI, and a biopsy of the endometrium. Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and whether the cancer has spread. Common treatments include surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy), radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Hormone therapy and targeted drug therapy may also be used in certain cases. Early detection and treatment significantly improve the prognosis for endometrial cancer.