ellensúlyozó

Ellensúlyozó is a mechanical device that provides an opposing weight or force to balance another part of a system. Its primary purpose is to counteract gravitational forces, stabilize motion, and reduce the torque or power required to move a load. The counterweight is usually a mass mounted on a lever, pulley, or sliding mechanism, and it can be fixed or adjustable. In some systems, the counterweight is moved by a winch or a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator to maintain balance as the main load changes.

Typical applications include elevators, cranes, and various machinery. Elevators use counterweights to balance the car, thereby reducing motor energy consumption and improving efficiency. Cranes employ counterweights to offset the weight of the lifted load and to resist tipping. In machine tools and presses, counterweights can dampen vibrations and smooth motion. Measuring instruments such as balance scales also rely on counterweights to provide known reference masses for comparison.

Design considerations cover capacity, range of movement, dynamic forces, friction, and safety margins. Proper sizing ensures stable operation and prevents excessive stress on supporting structures. Regular inspection and maintenance are important to keep the system balanced and secure, particularly in environments with varying loads or frequent movement.

See also: counterweight; balancing; elevator; crane; vibration damping.