elektroluminaation

Electroluminescence is a phenomenon where light is generated by the application of an electric field or current to a material. This process occurs when electrons in a semiconductor or phosphor are energized and then release energy in the form of photons as they return to a lower energy state. The term is derived from "electricity" and "luminescence," indicating light emission caused by electrical excitation.

Electroluminescence is widely utilized in various display and lighting technologies. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a common application, where semiconductor devices produce visible light with high efficiency and longevity. Electroluminescent panels and strips, often made from phosphor-based materials or organic compounds, are used for decorative illumination, backlighting, and signage.

The underlying mechanism involves charge carriers—electrons and holes—that recombine within the material, releasing energy as photons. The specific color of the emitted light depends on the material's bandgap energy. Organic electroluminescent devices, or OLEDs, use organic compounds to produce light and are notable for their flexibility, brightness, and color purity.

Compared to incandescent lighting, electroluminescent devices are more energy-efficient and have longer lifespans. They operate at low voltages and generate minimal heat, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. Ongoing research aims to improve efficiency, color range, and manufacturing processes to expand the use of electroluminescent technology in sustainable and innovative lighting solutions.

Electroluminescence distinguishes itself from other luminescent processes, such as fluorescence and phosphorescence, by its reliance on an electric current rather than radiation absorption to produce light.