elektrofiiliks

Elektrofiiliks, often translated as electrophiles, are chemical species that are attracted to electrons. This attraction arises because they are electron-deficient. In organic chemistry, they are typically positively charged ions or molecules with a region of positive partial charge, or even neutral molecules with an incomplete octet of electrons. Common examples include the proton (H+), carbocations, halogens like Cl2 (which can be polarized), and Lewis acids such as BF3 or AlCl3.

The term "electrophilic" describes the behavior of these species in chemical reactions. Elektrofiiliks readily accept a pair of electrons from an electron-rich species, known as a nucleophile, to form a new covalent bond. This fundamental reaction mechanism is crucial in many organic transformations, including electrophilic addition to alkenes and alkynes, electrophilic aromatic substitution on benzene rings, and various reactions involving carbonyl compounds. The electrophile's electron-seeking nature drives these reactions, leading to the formation of more stable, electron-rich products. Understanding the nature and reactivity of elektrofiiliks is therefore essential for comprehending a wide range of chemical processes.