ekspektorantteja

Ekspektorantteja (expectorants) are medicines that help clear mucus from the airways by increasing or facilitating its removal. They are typically used for productive coughs associated with upper respiratory infections, bronchitis, or chronic conditions where mucus buildup is a problem.

Most modern oral expectorants use guaifenesin, which is thought to increase hydration of airway secretions and lower mucus viscosity, making mucus easier to cough up. Other historical or less common agents include ammonium chloride, potassium iodide, and certain herbal preparations; some products combine with decongestants or antitussives.

Expectorants are generally intended for short-term relief of symptoms. The evidence for substantial, consistent benefit is mixed; they may help some patients, but they should not replace treatment of underlying conditions. They are not recommended for a dry, non-productive cough.

Safety: side effects are usually mild, such as GI upset or rash. Guaifenesin is considered relatively safe in adults; use cautions in pregnancy, in children, and with certain chronic diseases. As with all medicines, read labels and avoid use with other products containing the same agent to prevent overdose.

Regulatory status: widely available as over-the-counter products in many countries. Dosing and contraindications vary by product; consult a healthcare professional if cough persists beyond a week, if you have fever, chest pain, or shortness of breath, or if you have chronic lung disease.