ectomykorhizní

Ectomykorhizní refers to a type of symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of certain plants, predominantly trees. In this mutualistic relationship, the fungus colonizes the root cortex of the host plant, forming a dense sheath called a mantle around the root tip and a network of hyphae called the Hartig net that penetrates between the root epidermal and cortical cells. The plant benefits from this association by gaining enhanced access to soil nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, which are often immobile or scarce in the soil. The fungal hyphae extend far beyond the reach of plant roots, effectively increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption and making these nutrients available to the plant.

In return for these nutrients, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates, primarily sugars produced through photosynthesis. This exchange is crucial for the survival and growth of both organisms. Ectomykorhizní fungi are widespread in temperate and boreal forests and are essential for the health and productivity of many tree species, including pines, oaks, birches, and beeches. The presence and diversity of ectomykorhizní fungi can significantly influence forest ecosystem dynamics, affecting plant competition, succession, and resistance to environmental stresses. Unlike endomykorhizní fungi, which penetrate the plant root cells, ectomykorhizní fungi remain largely outside the cells, within the root cortex. This distinctive structure is a key characteristic used to differentiate between these two major types of mycorrhizal associations.