endomykorhizní

Endomykorhizní refers to a type of mycorrhizal symbiosis where fungal hyphae penetrate the cortical cells of a plant's root. This is in contrast to ectomycorrhizae, where the fungi form a sheath around the root and penetrate only between the cells. Endomycorrhizae are characterized by the formation of arbuscules, which are highly branched, tree-like structures within the plant cells where nutrient exchange occurs. Spore-like structures may also form within or outside the root cells. The term arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) is often used interchangeably with endomycorrhizae because arbuscules are the defining feature.

This symbiotic relationship is widespread, with over 80% of land plants forming endomycorrhizal associations. It is particularly common in grasses, crops, and many deciduous trees. The fungus receives carbohydrates produced by the plant through photosynthesis, while the plant benefits from increased nutrient uptake, primarily phosphorus and nitrogen, from the soil. The extensive network of fungal hyphae effectively extends the plant's root system, allowing access to nutrients and water that would otherwise be unavailable. Endomycorrhizae also play a role in improving soil structure and protecting plants against root pathogens. The symbiotic fungi involved are typically from the phylum Glomeromycota.