ecosocialists

Ecosocialism is a political ideology that synthesizes ecological concerns with socialist economics. It argues that the ecological crisis is deeply rooted in the logic of capitalist development—growth, commodification, and externalization of environmental costs—and that a sustainable society requires democratic public ownership and planning of key resources and industries. Ecosocialists advocate reducing social and ecological injustice by restructuring economies to prioritize people and the planet over private profit, emphasizing climate justice, biodiversity, and Indigenous rights within a globally coordinated response.

Origins and core thinkers

The concept grew out of Marxist and ecological thought in the late 20th century, with scholars such as Ian Angus and Joel Kovel helping to articulate an ecosocialist critique of capitalism. John Bellamy Foster further developed the analysis in works like Marx’s Ecology, highlighting the historical interdependence of capitalism and environmental crisis. The movement encompasses a spectrum from democratic eco-socialism and eco-social democracy to more radical anti-capitalist ecologies, and has been influenced by degrowth, environmental justice, and Indigenous movements.

Goals and proposed mechanisms

Ecosocialists call for democratic control of major resources and industries, public ownership or worker-controlled enterprises in strategic sectors, and comprehensive ecological planning to replace market-driven environmental degradation. They emphasize a transition to renewable energy, sustainable production, zero-waste systems, and a just transition that protects workers and marginalized communities. International solidarity and feminist, anti-racist, and decolonial dimensions are often integrated into the program.

Critiques and debates

Critics argue that ecosocialism may threaten growth or encounter inefficiencies, and debate whether reform within existing political structures suffices or a complete replacement of capitalism is required. Tensions exist with some Green parties and reformist environmental movements, reflecting differing views on pace, scale, and methods of systemic change.