ecigarettes

E-cigarettes, also known as electronic cigarettes or vapes, are devices that deliver nicotine and other substances to users via inhaled aerosol produced by heating a liquid. They are designed as alternatives to conventional combustible cigarettes and come in many forms ranging from simple cigarette-like devices to more advanced modular systems.

Most devices comprise a battery, a heating element (coil or atomizer), a chamber or cartridge to hold the liquid, and a mouthpiece. The liquids, or e-liquids, usually contain propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerin as carriers, nicotine, flavorings, and sometimes other additives. Nicotine concentrations vary widely, and some products are nicotine-free.

Device types include first-generation cig-a-likes, pen-shaped vape devices, pod systems, and customizable mods. Pod systems, which use prefilled or refillable cartridges, became especially popular in the 2010s. Some liquids use nicotine salts to allow higher concentrations with reduced harshness.

Health and safety: Studies indicate e-cigarettes emit far fewer toxicants than traditional cigarettes but are not risk-free. Potential health risks include nicotine addiction, respiratory and cardiovascular effects, and exposure to flavoring compounds. There have been incidents of battery failures causing fires or explosions, and product quality and marketing practices have drawn regulatory attention. Youth and non-smoker uptake remains a major public health concern.

Regulation varies by country. In the United States, the FDA regulates e-cigarettes as tobacco products with age restrictions and premarket requirements. In the EU, the Tobacco Products Directive governs nicotine limits and product notifications. Some countries ban sales. Public health authorities are divided on whether e-cigarettes aid cessation or pose risks, emphasizing youth protections.