eBoks

eboks, commonly written as eBooks, are digital versions of printed books that can be read on electronic devices such as e-readers, tablets, smartphones, and computers. They typically exist as files in formats including EPUB, MOBI, and PDF. EPUB is the most widely supported open standard for reflowable text, while MOBI is associated with Amazon Kindle devices. PDFs preserve fixed layouts, useful for graphics-heavy titles.

Distribution and access: eBooks are distributed through online storefronts and library lending apps. Major retail platforms include Amazon Kindle Store, Apple Books, Google Play Books, and Kobo. Libraries often use services like OverDrive or Libby to lend eBooks to patrons. Digital rights management (DRM) is commonly applied to restrict copying, printing, or lending where permitted by license.

Device and reading experience: eBooks can be read on dedicated e-readers, tablets, smartphones, or computers. They offer features such as adjustable font size and style, searchable text, annotations, bookmarks, and synchronized reading progress across devices. Accessibility options, like text-to-speech and high-contrast modes, have improved eBook usability for diverse readers.

History and impact: The development of digital books accelerated with portable readers and online stores in the 2000s, building on earlier experiments from the late 20th century. eBooks reduce physical storage needs and shipping costs and can enhance accessibility for some readers; they also raise considerations about licensing, format compatibility, and long-term preservation of digital works.