dysenteri

Dysentery is an intestinal inflammation, primarily affecting the colon, that results in severe diarrhea containing blood and mucus. It is a common type of gastroenteritis. The two main causes are bacterial infections, most often by Shigella species (bacillary dysentery), and parasitic infections, particularly Entamoeba histolytica (amebic dysentery).

Symptoms typically include abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting, and a frequent urge to defecate. The presence of blood and mucus in the stool is a hallmark of dysentery, distinguishing it from other forms of diarrhea. Dehydration is a significant risk, especially in young children and the elderly.

Transmission usually occurs through the fecal-oral route, meaning it spreads when contaminated feces come into contact with food, water, or hands. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices are major contributing factors to outbreaks. Diagnosis is typically made through stool sample analysis to identify the causative agent.

Treatment focuses on rehydration to prevent dehydration. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial dysentery, while antiparasitic medications are prescribed for amebic dysentery. Prevention relies heavily on good hygiene, including thorough handwashing, safe food and water practices, and proper sanitation.