dupilumabi

Dupilumab, sometimes spelled dupilumabi, is a human monoclonal antibody used to treat several inflammatory diseases driven by type 2 (Th2) immune responses. It targets the interleukin-4 receptor alpha subunit (IL-4Rα), blocking signaling of both IL-4 and IL-13. By inhibiting these pathways, dupilumab reduces eosinophilic inflammation and itch in the skin and airways.

Dupilumab was developed by Sanofi and Regeneron and is marketed under the brand name Dupixent. It has received regulatory approval for multiple indications, including moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and children, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in adults, moderate-to-severe asthma in adults and some adolescents, and eosinophilic esophagitis in adults and certain pediatric patients.

Administration is by subcutaneous injection, typically given every two weeks after an initial loading regimen. Dosing is tailored to the specific condition and patient characteristics, such as age and body weight.

Clinical use and outcomes vary by condition. In atopic dermatitis, dupilumab has shown improvements in skin clearance and itch reduction. In asthma, it reduces exacerbations and can improve lung function. In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, it helps relieve nasal symptoms and improve quality of life. In eosinophilic esophagitis, it can reduce esophageal inflammation and related symptoms.

Safety considerations include common adverse events like injection-site reactions, conjunctivitis, and keratitis. There is also a potential increased risk of infections and hypersensitivity reactions, including rare anaphylaxis. As with all biologics, use during pregnancy should be discussed with a clinician, weighing potential benefits and risks.