Dupilumab

Dupilumab is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits signaling of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) by binding to the shared IL-4 receptor alpha subunit. By blocking these pathways, it reduces type 2 inflammatory responses involved in several allergic diseases. Dupilumab is marketed as Dupixent and was developed by Regeneron and Sanofi.

Indications and use

Dupilumab is approved for several conditions. It treats moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and in certain pediatric patients, as well as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in adults, asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype or uncontrolled symptoms in adults and some adolescents, and eosinophilic esophagitis in appropriate patients. Age ranges and dosing vary by condition, with regimens tailored to body weight and disease severity.

Administration and dosing

Dupilumab is given by subcutaneous injection. Dosing is typically every two weeks, with specific amounts and schedules determined by the treated condition and patient characteristics. Patients may require loading or maintenance doses according to the approved regimen for each indication.

Safety and contraindications

Common adverse events include injection-site reactions and conjunctivitis or keratitis. Other reported effects include nasal symptoms and nasopharyngitis. Serious adverse events are uncommon but can occur, including hypersensitivity and, rarely, anaphylaxis. Dupilumab should be avoided in individuals with known hypersensitivity to the drug or its excipients. Monitoring for infections and eye problems is advised during treatment.

Regulatory status

Dupilumab has undergone multiple clinical trials demonstrating efficacy in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life across its approved conditions. It is used when standard therapies are insufficient or contraindicated.