drivlinan

Drivlinan is a term used in automotive engineering to refer to the driveline, the collection of components that transmit mechanical power from an energy source to the wheels or other actuators. In English, the concept is usually called the driveline or powertrain.

Core components include the power source (internal combustion engine, electric motor, or turbine), the transmission or gear set, the connection to the driven members (clutch or torque converter), and the final drive to the wheels. In conventional vehicles, a driveshaft connects the transmission to a differential that distributes torque to the axles. In many electric and hybrid layouts, the drivetrain may integrate inverters and compact e-axles.

Function and operation: The driveline converts engine torque into usable motion, adjusting speed and torque through gears and, in all-wheel-drive systems, distributing torque between the front and rear axles. The differential allows wheels to rotate at different speeds, improving traction during cornering. Some advanced systems employ torque vectoring to bias power to individual wheels for handling.

Configurations vary: front-, rear-, and all-wheel-drive layouts; manual, automatic, dual-clutch, or continuously variable transmissions; and electrified drivetrains with one or more e-axles.

Maintenance and efficiency: Each component introduces mechanical losses through friction and heat; regular lubrication, inspection of gears, bearings, and seals, and timely replacement of wear parts help maintain efficiency and reliability.

History and usage: The driveline concept dates to early automotive engineering and has evolved with hybrid and electric powertrains. The term drivlinan is used in some Scandinavian languages as a direct translation of driveline.