dragonhead

Dragonhead is a common name used for several flowering plants, most often for species in the genus Dracocephalum in the mint family (Lamiaceae). The name derives from the Greek words for dragon and head, a reference to the head- or spike-like inflorescences found on many species.

The best-known dragonhead is Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavicum), but the term is generally applied to the genus Dracocephalum, which includes numerous herbaceous perennials and short-lived annuals. Plants in this group typically have square stems, opposite serrated leaves, and tubular bilabiate flowers arranged in dense terminal heads or spikes. Flower colors range from purple and blue to pink or white, and blooming usually occurs in summer.

Distribution and habitat vary by species, but Dracocephalum plants are native to temperate regions of Europe and Asia and are grown widely as ornamentals. They prefer sunny locations and well-drained soil; many tolerate drought once established. They can be cultivated from seed or cuttings and are commonly used in borders, rock gardens, and herb gardens. Deadheading can encourage additional flowering, and some species may require winter protection in colder climates.

Uses and cautions: Dracocephalum species are grown primarily for ornamental value. Some traditional herbal uses exist in various cultures, but they are not widely adopted in modern pharmacology. As with many ornamental herbs, species selection should consider climate hardiness and regional growing conditions.

Regional note: in some contexts the term dragonhead is also applied to Physostegia virginiana, commonly called obedient plant or false dragonhead, though it is a different genus. Common names can vary, so scientific names are preferred for precision.