dorzolamida

Dorzolamide, also known as dorzolamida in some languages, is a topical ophthalmic medication used to lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor formulated as an ophthalmic solution, commonly 2%.

Mechanism of action: Dorzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase activity in the ciliary body, reducing bicarbonate formation and aqueous humor production. The resulting decrease in aqueous humor lowers intraocular pressure.

Medical uses: It is indicated for management of elevated intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. It can be used as monotherapy or in fixed-dose combination with timolol (brand name Cosopt in some markets; generic combinations are also available).

Administration: Dorzolamide is administered as one drop in the affected eye two to three times daily. Do not touch the dropper to the eye or surrounding areas. If multiple ophthalmic agents are used, administer other drops at least five minutes apart.

Adverse effects: Common local effects include stinging, burning, redness, dry eye, and blurred vision. A bitter or metallic taste can occur after instillation. Systemic effects are uncommon but may include fatigue or paresthesias; metabolic acidosis is possible rarely, especially with other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Contraindications and precautions: Contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to dorzolamide or other sulfonamides. Use with caution in renal or hepatic impairment, electrolyte disturbances, or conditions predisposing to metabolic acidosis. Consider potential interactions with systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Pharmacokinetics and notes: Systemic absorption after topical administration is limited. Dorzolamide may be available as Trusopt and in fixed combinations such as Cosopt.