dizanteriye

Dizanteriye, also known as dysentery, is an inflammatory disorder of the intestine, especially of the colon, that results in severe diarrhea containing blood and mucus. It is primarily caused by bacterial or amoebic infection. The most common bacterial cause is Shigella, leading to bacillary dysentery. Amebic dysentery is caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Transmission usually occurs through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water, or poor hygiene practices.

Symptoms of dizanteriye typically include abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration. The hallmark symptom is frequent, painful bowel movements with blood and mucus in the stool. In severe cases, dehydration can lead to serious complications, particularly in young children and the elderly. Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical symptoms and stool sample analysis to identify the causative organism.

Treatment depends on the cause. Antibiotics are used for bacterial dizanteriye, while specific antiparasitic medications are prescribed for amebic dizanteriye. Rehydration, both oral and intravenous, is crucial to combat dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Prevention focuses on good personal hygiene, safe food and water practices, and proper sanitation. Public health measures such as access to clean water and sanitation facilities are vital in controlling outbreaks.