diplóma

A diploma is a document issued by an educational institution, such as a high school, college, or university, to certify that a student has successfully completed a course of study. Diplomas typically bear the name of the institution, the name of the graduate, the degree or program completed, and the date of conferral. They often include the signatures of the institution's officials, such as the president or dean. In some cases, diplomas may also list academic honors or awards received.

The term "diploma" is derived from the Greek word "diploma," which originally referred to a folded document. Historically, diplomas served as official letters of authorization or credentials. Today, they are widely recognized as proof of academic achievement and are often required for employment, further education, or professional licensing. The design and format of diplomas can vary significantly between institutions and countries. Some diplomas are ornate and printed on special paper, while others are more minimalist. While the physical diploma is a tangible representation of an educational accomplishment, academic transcripts serve as a detailed record of courses taken and grades achieved. Diplomas are generally awarded at a formal ceremony, known as a graduation or commencement.