dikatalisis
Dikatalisis is a form of catalysis in which two distinct catalysts cooperate to accelerate a chemical transformation. In a dikatalytic process, each catalyst can activate a different substrate or reaction step, or one catalyst can modify the reaction environment or the substrate to enable the action of the other. The two catalysts may operate within a single catalytic cycle or in parallel cycles, and the overall rate and selectivity arise from their combined action rather than from a single catalytic species. Dikatalisis is often referred to as co-catalysis, dual catalysis, or synergistic catalysis, with terminology varying among subfields.
Mechanisms commonly involve complementary activation modes. In organocatalysis and metal catalysis, one catalyst may form a
Applications are widespread in organic synthesis, particularly for enantioselective transformations, carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen bond formations, and
Challenges include compatibility between catalysts, control of turnover, and optimization of cooperative effects. Ongoing research seeks