dialyysiliuos

Dialyysiliuos, or dialysis solution, is a sterile, pyrogen-free fluid used in kidney replacement therapies to remove waste products and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. It is employed in two main modalities: hemodialysis, where the solution flows beside the blood through a semipermeable membrane, and peritoneal dialysis, where the fluid is infused into the peritoneal cavity.

In hemodialysis, the dialysate is a bicarbonate-buffered solution formulated to resemble plasma electrolyte composition, with adjusted levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate. The solution is temperature-controlled and delivered at body temperature. Ultrafiltration is achieved primarily by hydrostatic pressure across the dialysis membrane rather than by the presence of an osmotic agent in the solution.

In peritoneal dialysis, the dialysate is a sterile solution infused into the peritoneal cavity and allowed to dwell before drainage. PD fluids are typically hypertonic due to their glucose content to drive water removal and often include buffering agents such as bicarbonate or lactate. The electrolyte composition is maintained to be safe for peritoneal membrane exposure, and bags are supplied in prescribed concentrations.

Preparation and safety are central to the use of dialyysiliuos. They are produced under strict aseptic conditions, with water treatment and microbial controls to ensure sterility and low endotoxin levels. They are packaged in single-use bags or bottles and stored under appropriate conditions. Improper handling or storage can lead to infection, electrolyte imbalances, or chemical toxicity.

Clinical and regulatory standards govern dialyysiliuos, with quality controls and guidelines provided by nephrology associations and national health authorities. In both hospital and home settings, consistent composition and sterile delivery are essential for patient safety and treatment effectiveness.