dekóders

Dekóders is a term used in several languages to denote devices or software that convert encoded or compressed data into a usable form. In digital media and communications, a dekóder reverses the work of a coder by reconstructing the original bitstream, audio, or video from a compressed or encrypted representation, enabling playback, display, or processing.

Dekóders can be hardware-based, such as set-top boxes, cable or satellite receivers, digital TV tuners, and dedicated decoding chips, or software-based, embedded in media players, streaming clients, or operating systems. Some systems combine both hardware and software components, using specialized processors to accelerate decoding. They may also perform related tasks such as demultiplexing, error correction, and DRM handling.

In broadcasting and streaming, dekóders implement standards that define how data is encoded and transported. Video decoders support codecs such as MPEG‑2, MPEG‑4 Part 10 (H.264/AVC), H.265/HEVC, and AV1; audio decoders support MP3, AAC, or AC‑3. Transport stream decoders may also perform demultiplexing and error correction. The term is used across languages, with diacritic variants such as dekóder or dekódér.

Historically, decoders emerged to recover information from analog and digital signals, evolving from simple television receivers to multichannel digital systems. Modern decoders emphasize efficiency, error resilience, and support for multiple standards and resolutions, including high-definition formats and streaming delivery. See also: Decoder, Codec, Demuxer.