decubito

Decubito, from Latin decubitus meaning "to lie down," is a medical term referring to the position of a patient lying down and to conditions associated with lying for extended periods. In clinical practice, decubitus positions include supine (dorsal decubitus), prone (ventral decubitus), and lateral decubitus (left or right side). The term is also used in radiology to describe projection views made with the patient in a decubitus position.

A common clinical consequence of prolonged lying is the development of decubitus ulcers, or pressure ulcers/bedsores, injuries to the skin and underlying tissue over a bony prominence due to sustained pressure, shear, or friction. Risk factors include immobility, advanced age, malnutrition, dehydration, incontinence, moisture, sensory impairment, and comorbidities. Prevention relies on regular risk assessment and multidisciplinary care: repositioning every two hours or per protocol, skin inspection, humidity control, and protective measures for vulnerable areas. Pressure-relieving devices such as high-specification foam or alternating-pressure mattresses, heel protectors, and cushions are used. Adequate nutrition and hydration support healing.

Management depends on ulcer stage. Stage I shows non-blanchable erythema; higher stages involve partial-thickness or full-thickness tissue loss, exposed bone or tendon, or undermining. Wound care includes cleansing, appropriate dressings, debridement when indicated, infection control, and, where necessary, surgical consultation. Addressing underlying risk factors and treating comorbidities are essential to prevention and recovery.