decarbonation

Decarbonation is a term used in several disciplines with related but distinct meanings. In general, it denotes the removal of carbon-containing species or carbon content from a material, compound, or system. Because of its broad usage, the specific meaning depends on context.

In chemistry and geology, decarbonation refers to the removal of carbonate constituents and is often associated with the thermal decomposition of carbonates. A common example is the calcination of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2. In organic chemistry, some sources distinguish decarbonation as removal of a carbon atom from a molecule, while decarboxylation specifically removes CO2 from carboxyl groups.

In energy, industry, and policy discussions, decarbonation is sometimes used as a synonym for decarbonization—the process of reducing carbon dioxide emissions or the carbon intensity of energy systems. Strategies include electrification of processes, switching to low-carbon energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and deploying carbon capture and storage or carbon utilization technologies. The term emphasizes removing or reducing carbon from an energy system or economy rather than merely reducing emissions.

In beverage and water treatment contexts, decarbonation can refer to degassing—removing dissolved carbon dioxide from liquids to alter taste, stability, or pH. This is typically achieved through vacuum, pressure changes, or other degassing methods.

Terminology varies by field; when addressing climate-related topics, decarbonization is generally preferred, whereas decarbonation is more common in chemical and process-oriented contexts. See also decarbonization, decarboxylation, and calcination.