deafmute

Deafmute is a historical and now largely obsolete label that described a person who is both deaf and mute. The term arose from earlier medical and social discourses that treated speechlessness as an inherent trait of deafness. Today, “deaf” or “deaf person” is the preferred term in most contexts, while “mute” is considered outdated and potentially offensive because it reduces a person to their speech ability rather than recognizing communication as a whole.

Many deaf individuals communicate using sign languages, such as American Sign Language in the United States, or other national sign languages around the world. Others may use spoken language, with or without amplification like hearing aids or cochlear implants, or use augmentative and alternative communication methods. Deaf culture often regards sign language as a natural language and emphasizes community and shared experiences, though individual preferences vary.

Education and services for deaf people have evolved from oralist approaches that prioritized spoken language to bilingual-bicultural models that support sign language and identity. Accessibility includes captioning, interpreters, and dedicated educational supports.

Historical usage: The term “deafmute” appeared in 19th- and early 20th-century sources and within some medical frameworks. The term fell out of favor as understandings of deafness and communication expanded and advocacy emphasized respectful language.

See also: Deaf culture, Sign language, Hearing impairment, Oralism.