dairyforestry

Dairyforestry is an integrated land-use system that combines dairy cattle production with forest or tree-based land use. It aims to create ecological and economic value by leveraging interactions between trees, pasture, and livestock. The term is used within agroforestry and is closely related to silvopasture and tree-crop integration.

In dairyforestry, trees are planted as windbreaks, shade trees in pastures, alley-ways, or permanent woodlots providing browse, fuel, or timber. Cattle graze under or between rows, with rotational grazing, pruning, and managed stocking densities to balance pasture yield with tree growth. Fodder species may include leguminous trees and shrubs that supply high-protein browse.

Potential benefits include improved animal welfare through shade and shelter, enhanced soil health and biodiversity, reduced erosion, and diversified income from timber or non-timber forest products. Climate resilience arises from microclimate regulation and carbon sequestration. Drawbacks can include higher establishment costs, longer time to first revenue, and management complexity, as well as potential competition for water and light between trees and pasture.

Adoption is region-specific and varies with climate, land tenure, and market demand. Research investigates tree species selection, stocking rates, pasture productivity under shade, milk yield in integrated systems, and optimal manure management to close nutrient loops.

Dairyforestry overlaps with silvopasture and broader agroforestry practices and is influenced by policy, economics, and land stewardship goals.