crossroad

A crossroad, or intersection, is a point where two or more roads meet or cross. The simplest form is a four-way cross intersection with roads forming roughly perpendicular arms. Other common configurations include T-junctions, where one road terminates at another, and X-shaped intersections where two roads cross at an angle.

At-grade crossroads are typically controlled by traffic signals, signs, or roundabouts, and may include turning lanes or pedestrian crossings. In many jurisdictions, rules govern right-of-way at intersections, determining which approaching road users have priority. Intersection design emphasizes sight distance, signage, lighting, and lane markings to reduce conflicts and improve safety. Historically, roundabouts have been introduced to manage flow and reduce high-severity crashes compared with some traditional signalized junctions.

Crossroads have long served as hubs in transportation networks. Settlements often grew around crossroads because they concentrated markets, services, and travelers. Culturally, the crossroads is frequently viewed as a liminal space or symbolic point of decision, appearing in folklore, literature, and music. In some traditions, the crossroads is associated with bargains or deals, though such narratives vary widely by context.

Variations exist in both rural and urban environments, with differences in priority rules and signaling. As nodes in road networks, crossroads connect routes, enable travel, and require ongoing consideration of traffic demand, safety, and accessibility to support efficient and fair transportation.