crossbow

Crossbow is a ranged weapon consisting of a horizontally mounted bow (the prod) affixed to a stock or frame. The bowstring is drawn back and held by a mechanical trigger, latch, or nut, enabling the user to aim and fire a bolt without continuous physical draw.

During operation, the prod is drawn using a lever, winding mechanism, or crane; when the trigger releases the bolt, energy stored in the drawn limbs propels the bolt forward along a channel in the stock. Bolts, or quarrels, are shorter and heavier than arrows and are designed to be shot from a crossbow. Modern bolts are typically 16 to 22 inches long and fitted with fletching and a steel or aluminum bolt tip.

Crossbows have ancient origins in China and later spread to Europe and the Middle East. They were widely used by military forces in the medieval period due to their mechanical advantage and ease of use by relatively untrained crews. With the advent of gunpowder firearms, crossbows declined in military importance but remained in hunting and sport.

Contemporary crossbows are commonly categorized into recurve and compound designs, reflecting the shape and mechanical system of the prod and string, and into hand or pistol crossbows and larger hunting crossbows. Modern materials and sights improve accuracy and power. Safety devices and cocking aids are common.

Today crossbows are used for sport archery and hunting in jurisdictions that regulate them. They require careful handling, respect for safety rules, and awareness of local laws regarding draw weight, speed, and use in specific areas.