creditorul

Creditorul is the Romanian term for the creditor, the party to whom a debtor owes an obligation, typically money or a service. In legal texts, creditorul is the holder of a claim who has the right to demand the performance of the obliged act and to pursue remedies if the obligation is not fulfilled. The concept appears in contracts, commercial law and civil law, where it is contrasted with the debitorul (the debtor).

Rights and remedies of the creditorul include the possiblity to demand payment or delivery of performance according to the contract, to claim interest if provided by law or agreement, and to pursue enforcement measures through courts or other authorities in case of non-compliance. Depending on the jurisdiction, the creditor may also suspend performance, seek termination of the contract, or obtain court orders for seizure of assets to satisfy the claim.

Creditors are often categorized by security: unsecured creditors hold claims without collateral, while secured creditors have rights backed by collateral such as a mortgage, pledge, or other security interest. In insolvency or liquidation proceedings, creditors file claims and are paid from the debtor’s assets according to statutory priority rules, with secured creditors usually ranking higher than unsecured ones.

Examples of creditorul include a bank that loans money, a supplier extending trade credit, or a service provider awaiting payment. The concept of creditorul is closely linked to the counterpart debitorul and to the governing contract and applicable law, which determine the exact rights, remedies, and priorities.