crappies

Crappies are two species of North American freshwater fish in the sunfish family (Centrarchidae): the white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) and the black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus). Collectively they are common targets for recreational anglers and are important components of freshwater ecosystems. The origin of the common name crappie is uncertain, with several folk etymologies proposed.

Description and identification: Crappies are relatively small, laterally compressed fish. White crappie typically shows several vertical dark bars on the sides, while black crappie is more heavily speckled with irregular dark blotches. Both species have two dorsal fins, with a spiny first dorsal and a soft-rayed second dorsal. Adults commonly range from about 6 to 12 inches, though larger individuals occur in some populations.

Distribution and habitat: White and black crappies are native to North America and inhabit lakes, reservoirs, large rivers, and other warm freshwater systems. They prefer moderately clear water with abundant structure, such as submerged woody debris, aquatic vegetation, and brush, which provide cover for feeding and spawning.

Biology and diet: Crappies feed on a variety of prey, including small fish, insect larvae, crustaceans, and zooplankton, with diet shifting as they grow. Spawning occurs in spring when water temperatures reach roughly 60–68 F (15–20 C). Males guard nests in shallow, sheltered areas, and eggs hatch in several days.

Fishing and management: Crappies are among the most widely pursued freshwater game fish in North America. Fisheries are typically managed with size and bag limits, seasonal restrictions, and habitat-restoration efforts to sustain populations and ecosystem balance.