cradletocradleprincipes
Cradle-to-cradle principles (often written cradle-to-cradle or C2C) describe a design framework for sustainable production that seeks to eliminate waste by keeping materials in closed loops. The aim is to create products and systems where materials repeatedly serve as biological nutrients or technical nutrients, rather than becoming refuse in landfills, and where energy and water are managed responsibly.
At the core are five categories: material health, material reutilization, renewable energy and carbon management, water
The concept was popularized by William McDonough and Michael Braungart in the 2002 book Cradle to Cradle.
Applications span textiles, packaging, furniture, and construction, with emphasis on safe materials, recyclability, energy efficiency, and
Cradle-to-cradle is closely associated with the broader circular economy and green chemistry movements, offering a proactive