C2C

C2C is an acronym that can refer to several different concepts depending on the context. The two most common meanings are consumer-to-consumer commerce and cell-to-cell communication. In some fields, other specialized uses of the abbreviation exist, but they are less widely recognized.

In commerce, C2C stands for consumer-to-consumer. This model describes transactions where individuals sell goods or services directly to other individuals, typically facilitated by online platforms or online communities. Examples include online marketplaces, classified ads, and peer-to-peer rental or trading networks. Advantages of C2C commerce include lower prices for buyers, a broader range of goods, and greater flexibility for sellers. Challenges include trust and safety concerns, fraud risk, and the need for payment and dispute-resolution mechanisms. Marketplaces often provide ratings, buyer protection, and escrow services to mitigate these risks. Regulatory considerations can vary by jurisdiction and product type.

In biology, C2C commonly denotes cell-to-cell communication, the process by which cells exchange information to coordinate activities. This communication occurs through several mechanisms, including direct contact via gap junctions, signaling molecules that affect nearby cells (paracrine and autocrine signaling), and extracellular vesicles such as exosomes that transport molecular messages. Cell-to-cell signaling underpins development, immune responses, tissue maintenance, and homeostasis. Disruptions in C2C signaling can contribute to diseases, making it a central focus of many biomedical studies.

Other uses of C2C exist in specialized contexts, but they are less standardized. When encountering the term, the intended meaning is typically clarified by the surrounding field or documentation.