contusie

Contusie, in English contusion, is a bruise caused by blunt trauma to the body. It occurs when small blood vessels are damaged, leading to bleeding beneath the skin and the appearance of a bruise. Contusions do not involve an open wound. They commonly affect the arms and legs, but can occur anywhere, and the severity depends on the force of impact and the tissues involved.

Symptoms typically include pain, tenderness, swelling, and skin discoloration that changes as the bruise heals (red or purple at first, then blue-black, green, and yellow). Healing time varies from a few days to several weeks. In some cases, especially with deep tissue or muscle contusions, movement may be limited and stiffness can occur.

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on history and physical examination. Imaging, such as X-ray or MRI, is only needed if there is suspicion of an associated fracture, significant swelling, or persistent symptoms.

Treatment aims to reduce pain and swelling. This often involves rest and protection of the affected area, applying ice for 15-20 minutes several times a day during the first 24-48 hours, compression with a bandage, and elevation. Analgesics such as acetaminophen or NSAIDs may be used as directed. After the initial period, gradual return to activity and gentle stretching or physical therapy can help. Heat is generally avoided in the first 24-48 hours.

Most contusions heal without complications. Potential issues include large hematomas, infection if a skin break is present, muscle bleeding leading to myositis ossificans, or, in severe cases, swelling-related problems. People with bleeding disorders or who use anticoagulants may experience more extensive bruising.