combustionsystem

A combustion system refers to the set of components that burn fuel to release heat energy. It typically includes a fuel supply, an oxidizer source, an ignition mechanism, a combustion chamber, a burner or heat exchanger, an exhaust system, and a control system. The basic process involves delivering a precise mixture of fuel and oxidizer, initiating combustion, sustaining a controlled flame or reaction, transferring the produced heat to a working fluid, and exhausting combustion products.

Applications vary across stationary power and heat generation (boilers, furnaces, gas turbines), propulsion and automotive powertrains (internal combustion engines), and industrial processing heaters. The efficiency and emissions depend on achieving proper air–fuel ratio, adequate residence time, and effective heat transfer while avoiding flame instability and excessive pressure drop.

Emissions include carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from incomplete combustion, soot, and nitrogen oxides formed at high temperatures. To reduce emissions, technologies such as staged combustion, excess air control, catalytic converters, selective catalytic reduction, and flue gas treatment are used.

Safety and operation rely on sensors, flame detectors, fuel and pressure interlocks, and temperature controls, with regular maintenance to prevent corrosion, fouling, and wear. Designers also consider material durability, flame stability, combustion noise, and heat recovery, especially in combined heat and power or recuperative systems.