cognitivismen

Cognitivism is a theoretical framework in psychology and education that focuses on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem-solving, and learning. It emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction against behaviorism, which primarily emphasized observable behaviors and external stimuli. Cognitivists argue that internal mental states are crucial for understanding behavior and that these states can be studied scientifically.

Key principles of cognitivism include the idea that humans are active information processors, much like computers. Information is received, processed, stored, and retrieved. This processing involves various cognitive functions, including perception, attention, encoding, and retrieval. Learning, from a cognitive perspective, is not simply a matter of stimulus-response associations but involves the acquisition, organization, and restructuring of knowledge.

Cognitive theories have led to various instructional strategies aimed at enhancing learning. These include techniques that promote active learning, memory aids like mnemonics, problem-solving strategies, and metacognitive approaches that encourage learners to think about their own thinking processes. The goal is to help individuals develop more effective ways of acquiring, understanding, and applying knowledge. Cognitivism has significantly influenced fields beyond psychology, including computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics.