cobble

A cobble is a rounded stone, typically larger than a pebble, used for paving roads and walkways. Cobblestones are commonly natural stones such as granite, basalt, quartzite, or limestone. Historically they were laid in irregular patterns and set in mortar or on a compacted bed of sand and gravel; the surface remains uneven, affecting tires and horse hooves. Cobblestones are distinct from setts, which are rectangular blocks designed for durability and a more uniform surface. In many historic cities, cobbled streets survive as cultural heritage and aesthetic features, even where modern paving exists nearby.

Usage and durability: Cobblestones were standard paving in many parts of Europe and beyond from Roman times through the 18th and 19th centuries. They wear down slowly but can shift under load, creating vibration and noise. Modern pavement often replaces cobbles with asphalt or concrete, but preservation efforts maintain cobbled sections in historic districts, tourist areas, or for road courses and decorative finishes. Maintenance includes resetting loose stones, re-grading the base, and sometimes replacing damaged stones with matching material.

Verb sense: As a verb, to cobble means to assemble or repair in a makeshift way, using available parts or fragments. A “cobbled together” solution or plan suggests improvisation and lack of complete preparation. The term also appears in phrases such as “cobbling a fix” or “cobbled together method.”