coastaltemperate

Coastal temperate refers to a climate and biogeographic zone in which coastal exposure and prevailing westerly winds from the ocean moderate temperatures and maintain a relatively narrow annual temperature range. The environment is characterized by mild winters and cool summers, with most areas receiving substantial precipitation throughout the year. Humidity is typically high, and fog or persistent cloud cover is common in some locales. In climate terms, many coastal temperate regions fall within the oceanic subtypes of the Köppen system (Cfb and Cfc), with variation depending on latitude, altitude, and regional ocean currents; some coastal microclimates near headlands or in sheltered bays may approach other subtypes.

Geographically, coastal temperate zones occur along the western coasts of continents at mid to high latitudes. Notable examples include the Pacific Northwest of North America (British Columbia to northern California), the western coasts of Ireland, Britain, France and northern Spain, and coastal regions of New Zealand and southern Chile. These areas often support lush evergreen forests, including temperate rainforests, and diverse coastal ecosystems. The climate fosters agriculture and horticulture suited to mild conditions, such as dairy farming, apples, and cool-climate wines in some locations.

Human settlements in coastal temperate regions are adapted to damp, variable weather and the frequent mist and fog that can influence daily life, travel, and building design. Climate change is expected to modify precipitation patterns and intensify extreme events in some coastal temperate areas, underscoring the need for resilient land-use planning.