clupeiform

Clupeiform is a taxonomic order of ray-finned fish. This group includes familiar fish such as herrings, sardines, anchovies, and their relatives. The order is characterized by a number of shared anatomical features, although there is considerable diversity within the group. Many clupeiform fish are small, silvery, and have a single dorsal fin. They are often found in large schools and play a significant role in marine food webs.

The diet of clupeiform fish typically consists of plankton, which they filter from the water. They are, in turn, a vital food source for a wide range of predators, including larger fish, marine mammals, and seabirds. Economically, many clupeiform species are of considerable importance to human fisheries, providing significant amounts of food and oil.

The evolutionary history of clupeiform fish stretches back to the Cretaceous period. Modern classification recognizes several families within the order, with each family containing multiple genera and species. Despite their widespread distribution in oceans around the world, from tropical to temperate waters, many clupeiform populations are susceptible to overfishing and environmental changes. Ongoing research continues to explore their ecology, behavior, and conservation status.