clematis

Clematis is a genus of about 300 species in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Native to Europe, Asia, and North America, they are among the most widely grown ornamental climbers. They range from herbaceous perennials to woody vines that can reach several metres. Most climb by twining their leaf stalks around supports; some species cling with adventitious roots. Leaves are usually opposite and may be simple, pinnate, or trifoliate. The flowers are often large and showy, with four to eight petaloid sepals surrounding a central boss of stamens and carpels. Colors span white, pink, purple, blue, and red. Many cultivars bloom repeatedly; flowering times vary from spring to autumn. After flowering, aerial seed heads are typically feathery.

Clematis are popular in gardens as climbers on trellises, fences, and arbors. They prefer cool, mulched roots, well-drained fertile soil, and a sunny or partly shaded site with the base shaded by low-growing plants. Most varieties require a sturdy support and regular watering in dry spells. Pruning depends on the group classification: Group 1 are early-flowering and pruned after bloom; Group 2 flower on both old and new wood and are pruned lightly after the first flush; Group 3 flower on new wood and are pruned to near ground in late winter or early spring.

Clematis can be propagated by layering, cuttings, or division. They are susceptible to clematis wilt (a fungal disease) and other pests such as caterpillars and snails. All parts of the plant contain compounds that can irritate skin or be toxic if ingested in quantity, so wear gloves when handling.