cirrózis

Cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease characterized by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue, impairing the organ's ability to function properly. This progressive condition often develops as a result of chronic liver damage from various causes, including long-term alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis (particularly hepatitis B and C), fatty liver disease (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), and autoimmune or genetic disorders. Cirrhosis can also arise from bile duct diseases, certain medications, or toxins.

The development of cirrhosis occurs in stages, beginning with inflammation and liver cell damage. Over time, the liver attempts to repair itself by forming scar tissue, which disrupts normal liver architecture and reduces its functionality. As the disease progresses, complications such as portal hypertension (increased blood pressure in the liver’s blood vessels), ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), hepatic encephalopathy (brain dysfunction due to toxin buildup), and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) may develop. In advanced cases, liver failure or liver cancer may occur.

Symptoms of cirrhosis often appear gradually and can include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, swelling in the legs or abdomen, and confusion. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to assess liver function, imaging studies such as ultrasounds or CT scans, and sometimes a liver biopsy to confirm the extent of scarring. Treatment focuses on managing underlying causes, reducing liver damage, and alleviating symptoms. Lifestyle changes, such as abstaining from alcohol, adopting a balanced diet, and avoiding hepatotoxic substances, are essential. In severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary.

Prevention of cirrhosis involves avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, managing chronic conditions like diabetes and high cholesterol, and receiving vaccinations for hepatitis A and B. Early detection and intervention can significantly improve outcomes and slow disease progression.