circadiane

Circadiane is a term found in some non-English scientific texts to denote aspects related to circadian rhythms, the endogenous approximately 24-hour cycles that regulate many biological processes. In English-language usage, circadian or circadian rhythm is the standard term. Circadiane is sometimes encountered as a cross-linguistic variant or in translations referring to the same concept: internal clocks that coordinate physiology with the day–night cycle.

The core of the circadian system in mammals consists of a master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks in nearly all tissues. These clocks are driven by transcription-translation feedback loops that involve core clock genes such as CLOCK, BMAL1, PERIOD (PER), and CRY. The rhythm is synchronized, or entrained, by zeitgebers, with light being the dominant cue detected by the retina and transmitted to the SCN. Melatonin and cortisol are among the hormones whose secretion follows circadian patterns.

Circadiane biology influences sleep-wake cycles, hormone release, metabolism, body temperature, and immune function. Disruption of circadian alignment, due to shift work, jet lag, or irregular schedules, is linked to health risks including sleep disorders, metabolic syndrome, mood disturbances, and cardiovascular issues. Conversely, alignment through regular light exposure, timed meals, and consistent sleep improves performance and well-being.

Research methods in this field include actigraphy, polysomnography, melatonin onset timing (dim light melatonin onset), and gene expression assays. Circadiane processes are evolutionarily conserved across many organisms, from cyanobacteria to plants and animals, reflecting adaptation to daily environmental changes.