cilice

A cilice, also known as a hair shirt or sackcloth, is a type of garment or garment accessory made from coarse, rough materials such as wool, hair, or knotted fabric. Historically associated with penitence, penance, and religious discipline, cilices have been used by various religious and spiritual traditions to induce physical discomfort and serve as a reminder of spiritual commitments and humility.

The use of cilices dates back to early Christian ascetic practices, where they were worn by monks, recluses, and penitents as a means of self-mortification. The devices often take the form of a tight-fitting shirt, belt, or leg band that applies pressure on the body to foster self-control and devotion. Some cilices include embedded or attached barbs or points designed to cause mild pain or irritation.

Cilices can vary significantly in design, from simple coarse fabrics to more elaborate contraptions with metal or leather components. Their use declined in many Christian communities during the modern era but persisted in certain traditional or monastic practices. In contemporary times, cilices are occasionally used by individuals seeking a form of disciplined spiritual practice, though their use is generally voluntary and regarded with caution due to potential health risks.

Between cultural, historical, and religious contexts, cilices symbolize self-discipline, penitence, and spiritual humility. They are often viewed as provocative relics of ascetic practices rather than mainstream religious tools today. Nonetheless, cilices continue to hold significance within certain spiritual disciplines and discussions of religious self-mortification.