cilices

A cilice is a device worn around the thigh or upper arm as an aid to ascetic self-denial or penitential discipline. It typically consists of a leather or fabric strap that rests against the skin, sometimes incorporating small metal spikes, pins, or rough nodes intended to irritate or pressure the wearer.

Etymology-wise, the term derives from Latin cilicium, a word historically associated with coarse garments used in ascetic practices. In historical Christian contexts, cilices were used by some lay penitents and certain devotional movements as a physical reminder of self-denial. They were never universally prescribed by church authorities, and their use varied across places and periods.

In modern times, cilices are uncommon within mainstream religious practice. Many religious authorities emphasize spiritual disciplines that do not risk physical harm and caution against practices that could cause injury. The use of cilices is generally regarded as controversial and potentially dangerous, with medical and ethical concerns cited by physicians and religious leaders alike.

Outside religious contexts, the term sometimes appears in discussions of consensual masochistic or fetish activities, where individuals may use gear meant to evoke pain or restriction. In all contexts, practices involving pain or injury carry safety considerations, consent, and legal implications, and should be approached with caution and awareness of personal health.