chocalhos

Chocalhos are handheld percussion instruments in the rattle family. A chocalho consists of a hollow body, often cylindrical, made from metal, wood, or plastic, that contains loose beads, pellets, or seeds. When the instrument is shaken or rotated, the beads strike the interior walls, producing a bright, rapid rattling sound that can be loud or subtle depending on the amount of material and the playing technique.

Construction and variants vary, but most chocalhos rely on a rotating or shaking motion to generate sound. Some models have a handle for easy grip, while others are mounted or worn as part of a larger percussion setup. The precise sound depends on the size of the instrument, the type and amount of filling, and how firmly it is shaken. Chocalhos are used in many musical traditions and are common in both professional ensembles and educational settings.

Use and cultural context: Chocalhos are particularly associated with Brazilian music, where they provide a continuous rhythmic texture in samba and carnival ensembles. Outside Brazil, they are used in folk music, world music groups, and children’s music, often as a simple, accessible instrument for teaching rhythm and coordination. They function as flexible timekeepers, capable of producing rapid accents or steady background pulses.

Etymology and relation to other instruments: The name derives from the Portuguese chocalho, meaning “rattle.” They are closely related to other shaken instruments such as maracas and cabasas, but differ in construction and typical playing style. Chocalhos are valued for their energetic character and versatility within percussion sections.