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Chelation is a biochemical process in which a molecule or ion binds to a central metal atom or ion through multiple points of attachment, forming a stable complex known as a chelate. The term originates from the Greek word *chele*, meaning "claw," reflecting the way the ligand (the binding molecule) "grips" the metal ion. Chelation is fundamental in various biological, chemical, and industrial applications due to its ability to enhance stability and solubility.

In biology, chelation plays a critical role in metabolism and cellular function. For instance, iron is transported and stored in the body via chelation, bound to proteins like transferrin and ferritin. Similarly, calcium ions are chelated by molecules such as ATP and calmodulin to regulate muscle contraction and signaling pathways. Chelating agents, such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), are also used therapeutically to remove excess metal ions, particularly in cases of heavy metal poisoning.

Industrially, chelation is employed to prevent metal ions from catalyzing undesirable reactions, such as corrosion or precipitation. Water softeners often use chelating agents like citric acid or phosphonates to bind calcium and magnesium ions, reducing scale buildup in pipes and appliances. Additionally, chelation is utilized in analytical chemistry for metal ion detection and quantification through techniques like atomic absorption spectroscopy.

While chelation therapy—administering chelating agents to remove toxic metals from the body—has been explored for conditions like lead poisoning, its broader applications, such as for cardiovascular disease, remain controversial. Some studies suggest potential benefits in reducing arterial plaque buildup by binding calcium, but evidence is inconclusive, and risks, such as kidney damage, must be carefully managed. Chelation is a versatile and widely studied process with applications spanning medicine, industry, and environmental science.