charakteryzujcych

Charakteryzujących is a form of the Polish verb charakteryzować (to characterize). It functions as a participial form that can be used as an adjective-like modifier in sentences. This inflected participle is part of a larger family of present participles that describe the subject or object in terms of characteristic actions or qualities.

In Polish, participles agree with the head noun in gender, number, and case. The ending -ujących marks a specific case/number combination (most commonly genitive plural or accusative plural masculine personal), but the exact ending changes with the noun it accompanies. Because of this, charakteryzujących appears most often within longer noun phrases or embedded clauses rather than as a standalone word.

Usage tends to be found in academic, technical, or descriptive prose. It is especially common in phrases that identify or classify groups, people, or phenomena by what they do or how they can be described. For example, in a sentence such as badaczy charakteryzujących różne teorie, the participle describes researchers who characterize different theories, functioning similarly to a relative clause.

Notes on form and meaning: charakteryzujących is not a separate noun; it is a verbal participle used to modify another noun. Its exact form depends on the noun it modifies, following standard Polish participle agreement rules. When writing, care should be taken with diacritics and spelling consistent with the chosen orthography of the text.

See also: charakteryzować, present participle, Polish grammar of adjectives and participles.