chandeliers

Chandeliers are ceiling-mounted decorative light fixtures that disperse light through multiple branches or arms. They are designed to be visually striking as well as functional, often featuring ornamental elements such as crystals, glass prisms, metal scrollwork, and fabric shades. Modern chandeliers may use LEDs and electronic drivers, while traditional forms originally used candles; the term chandelier derives from chandelle, French for candle.

Historically, chandeliers evolved from simple candle holders used in medieval churches and households. In the 15th–17th centuries, more elaborate multi-branch designs appeared in Europe, sometimes called girandoles. The advent of gas lighting in the 19th century enabled brighter, longer-lasting fixtures. Electric lighting, adopted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, transformed chandeliers into electrical fixtures and expanded design possibilities. Crystal optics became a hallmark of high-end chandeliers, with lead crystal prisms refracting light.

Construction and design: A chandelier typically comprises a canopy that attaches to the ceiling, a central column or stem, and multiple arms or tiers that hold light sources, originally candles and later sockets for electric bulbs. Prisms or beads may decorate the fixture to refract light. Materials range from bronze, brass, and wrought iron to glass, crystal, and wood. Modern versions may be entirely metal or use LED modules with minimalist frames.

Usage and care: Chandeliers are installed in dining rooms, foyers, ballrooms, and other architectural spaces where a prominent focal point is desired. Proper installation requires adequate ceiling support and appropriate electrical connections; overloading or improper mounting can pose safety risks. Cleaning typically involves dusting and occasional glass or crystal cleaning, with care taken to preserve delicate decorations.